The
president also has the power to nominate federal judges, including members of
the United States courts of
appeals and the Supreme Court of the United States. However, these
nominations require Senate confirmation. Presidents may also grant pardons and
reprieves, as is often done just before the end of a presidential term, not
without controversy.
Ceremonial roles
Presidential traditions involve the president's role as head of
government. Many outgoing presidents since James Buchanan traditionally give
advice to their
successor during the presidential transition. Ronald Reagan
and his successors have also left a private message on the desk of the Oval
Office on Inauguration Day for the incoming president. During a state visit by
a foreign head of state, the president typically hosts a State Arrival Ceremony
held on the South Lawn, a custom begun by John F. Kennedy in 1961.[54]
This is followed by a state dinner given by the president.
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