Separation of Powers ( Background )

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Background The term separation of powers originated with the Baron de Montesquieu, a French enlightenment writer. However, the actual separation of powers  among  different branches of government can be traced to ancient Greece . It is safe to say that a respect for the principle of separation of powers is deeply rooted in every American.
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Tenure and term limits

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The term of office for president and vice president is four years. George Washington, the first president, set an unofficial precedent of serving only two terms and the subsequent presidents followed it until 1940. Franklin D. RooseveJt was elected to four terms. After the Second WorJd War and in response to Roosevelt being elected to third and fourth terms; the Twenty-second Amendment was adopted.
 The Twenty-second Amendment, prohibits anyone from ever being elected to the presidency for a third full term. It also prohibits a person from being elected to the presidency more than once if that person previously had served as president, or acting president, for more than two years of another person's term as president.
Vacancy or disability
The office of president may be come vacant following death, resignation and removal from office of the president. Article II, Section 4 of the Constitution allows the House of Representatives to impeach high federal officials, including the president, for "treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors."
Article I, Section 3, Clause 6 gives the Senate the power to remove impeached officials from office, given a two-thirds vote to convict. The House of Representatives has impeached two presidents so far: Andrew Johnson in 1868' and Bill Clinton in 1998. Neither was subsequently convicted and removed from the office by the Senate

The United States Constitution only mentions the resignation of the president but does not regulate the form of such a resignation or the conditions for its validity. The only valid evidence of the president's resignation is a written instrument to that effect, signed by the president and delivered to the office of the Secretary of State. This has only occurred once. The Constitution states  that the  vice president becomes president upon the removal from office, death, or resignation of the preceding president. If the offices of president and vice president both are either vacant or have a disabled holder of that office,   the  next   officer  in  the  presidential  line  of succession,   the   Speaker   of   the   House,   becomes   acting president. The line then extends to the president pro tempore of the Senate, followed by every member of the Cabinet in a set order.  Special elections  are never held for the office of president.

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